CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY:

Science is the logical control required with mixes made out of particles, i.e. components, and atoms, i.e. mixes of particles: their organization, structure, properties, conduct and the progressions they experience amid a response with different mixes. Science tends to subjects, for example, how particles and atoms connect by means of substance bonds to frame new synthetic mixes. There are four kinds of substance bonds: covalent bonds, in which mixes share at least one electron(s); ionic bonds, in which a compound gives at least one electrons to another compound to create particles (cations and anions); hydrogen bonds; and Van der Waals compel bonds.

Chemistry can be divided into some categories:

1.      Inorganic Chemistry

2.      Organic Chemistry

3.      Polymer chemistry.

Some basic contents about Chemistry:

ü  Chemistry has ancient roots, but is now a modern and active, evolving science.

ü  Chemistry is often called the central science, because a basic knowledge of chemistry is essential for students in biology, physics, geology and many other subjects.

ü  Chemical research and development has provided us with new substances with specific properties. These substances have improved the quality of our lives.

ü  Polymers (rubber and nylon), ceramics (cookware), liquid crystals (electronic displays), adhesives (Post-It notes), coatings (latex-paint), silicon chips (computers) are the application of chemistry.

ü  Chemistry is a study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

ü  Matter is defined as anything that takes up space and has a mass.

ü  An element is the simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means.  

ü  Each element is assigned a chemical symbol.

ü  The smallest unit of an element is an atom.

ü  There are 98 naturally occurring elements.

ü  118 elements have been identified (November-2011).

ü  Elements combine with other elements to form thousands of compounds.

ü  A compound is made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together.

ü  Substances have different appearances and physical properties in different states of matter

ISOTOPS:  

-Different mass number

-The same atomic number

-the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

-the same number of electrons  

-similar chemical properties, but different physical properties

ISOBARS:

The term "isobars" (originally "isobares") for nuclides was suggested by Alfred Walter Stewart in 1918. It is derived from the Greek word isos, meaning "equal" and baros, meaning "weight"

Isobars are atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons.

 -isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons)

-have the same mass number.

-contain varying numbers of protons and neutrons

An example of a series of isobars would be ⁴⁰S, ⁴⁰Cl, ⁴⁰Ar, ⁴⁰K, and ⁴⁰Ca. The nuclei of these nuclides all contain 40 nucleons.

ISOTON:

-Nuclides have same neutron number

-Different proton number.

For example, boron-12 and carbon-13 nuclei both contain 7 neutrons, and so are isotones. Similarly, ³⁶S, ³⁷Cl, ³⁸Ar, ³⁹K, and ⁴⁰Ca nuclei are all isotones of 20 because they all contain 20 neutrons

 TOPICS MUST BE KNOWN TO GET GOOD KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CHEMISTRY

1)      Atoms, Molecules & Ions

2)      Periodic Table & Mole Properties

3)      Chemical Bonding

4)      Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

5)      Acid-Base

6)      Stoichiometry

7)      Chemical Kinetics

8)      Chemical Equilibrium

9)      Thermodynamics

10)  Colloidal Substance

I am giving some basic ideas about the 10 Topic & more discussion will be given later.

1.      ATOMS, MOLECULES & IONS:

This section presented a portion of the major ideas of science, with specific thoughtfulness regarding the fundamental properties of iotas and components. These elements are the building squares of all substances we experience, yet most normal substances don't comprise of just unadulterated components or individual molecules. Rather, almost all substances are synthetic mixes or blends of concoction mixes. Despite the fact that there are just around 115 components (of which around 86 happen normally), a huge number of substance mixes are known, with a colossal scope of physical and synthetic properties. Thusly, a noteworthy accentuation of present day science centers on understanding the connection between the structures and properties of synthetic mixes.

2.      PERIODIC TABLE & MOLE PROPERTIES:

Periodic table is very important for basic chemistry. A chemist should have a very good knowledge on periodic table. You can easily specify the properties of any element by using this periodic table. If you consider some basic properties of groups then you can easily determine its reaction properties. So, it is very important to learn Element periodic table properties.

 VIEW PERIODIC TABLE.GIF